Children Dataset is a collection of data on important child rights issues in Pakistan that can be used for a variety of purposes. The Children Dataset has been compiled from a variety of sources, mainly from government agencies, UN and civil society organisations using a robust data collection methodology.
Education
Literacy Rate
Literacy Rate (10 Years and Above)-Pakistan
| Province/Area | Male | Female | Total (%) |
|
Year 2019-20 |
|||
| Pakistan | 70 | 50 | 60 |
| Rural | 64 | 39 | 52 |
| Urban | 79 | 67 | 74 |
Source: PSLM Survey 2019-20, Bureau of Statistics
Analysis
According to the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) district level Survey 2019-20, the literacy rate of population (10 years and above) is stagnant at 60 percent in 2019-20 since 2014-15. The literacy rate is higher in urban areas (74 percent) than in rural areas (52 percent).
Literacy Rate (10 Years and Above)-Provincial
| Province | Male | Female | Total (%) |
| Year 2019-20 | |||
| Punjab | 72 | 57 | 64 |
| Rural | 67 | 48 | 57 |
| Urban | 80 | 72 | 76 |
| Sindh | 68 | 47 | 58 |
| Rural | 53 | 23 | 39 |
| Urban | 79 | 66 | 73 |
| Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa | 71 | 35 | 53 |
| Rural | 69 | 31 | 50 |
| Urban | 80 | 53 | 67 |
| Balochistan | 61 | 29 | 46 |
| Rural | 55 | 22 | 40 |
| Urban | 76 | 47 | 63 |
Source: PSLM Survey 2019-20, Bureau of Statistics
Analysis
Province wise analysis suggests that Punjab has the highest literacy rate, with 64 percent followed by Sindh with 58 percent, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with 53 percent and Balochistan with 46 percent.
Primary Enrolment Rates
Gross Enrolment Rates (GER) for Year 2019-20
National and Provincial GER (Age 6-10 yrs) at Primary Level (Classes 1-5)
| Province/Area | Male | Female | Total |
| Pakistan | 89 | 78 | 84 |
| Punjab | 93 | 90 | 92 |
| Sindh | 78 | 62 | 71 |
| Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa | 96 | 73 | 85 |
| Balochistan | 84 | 56 | 72 |
Source: PSLM District Level Survey 2019-20, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
Net Enrolment Rates (NER) for Year 2019-20
National and Provincial NER (Age 6-10 yrs) at Primary Level (Classes 1-5) (%)
| Province/Area | Male | Female | Total |
| Pakistan | 68 | 60 | 64 |
| Punjab | 71 | 89 | 70 |
| Sindh | 60 | 49 | 55 |
| Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa | 72 | 56 | 65 |
| Balochistan | 65 | 45 | 56 |
Source: PSLM District Level Survey 2019-20, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
Government Expenditures on Education
Yearly Comparison of Educational Expenditures as % of GDP
| Expenditures on Education | |
| Year | As % of GDP |
| 2015-16 | 2.3% |
| 2016-17 | 2.2% |
| 2017-18 | 2.4% |
| 2018-19 | 2.3% |
| 2019-20 (P) | 1.5% |
P: Provisional
Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan 2020-21
Analysis
According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2020-21, the education related expenditures witnessed a decline in Year 2020 due to closure of educational institutes amid country-wide lockdown and decrease in current expenditures (other than salaries) due to COVID-19 Pandemic. Furthermore, as a result of COVID-19 crisis, there was an increase in expenditure of other Social Sectors i.e., health, natural calamities & other disasters, Benazir Income Support Programme, Pakistan Bait-ul-Maal etc.
National and Provincial Government Expenditures on Education in YEAR 2018-19 and 2019-20
| Year 2018-19 (in Millions) | ||||||
| Federal | Punjab | Sindh | KP | Balochistan | Pakistan | |
| Current | 103,787 | 339,402 | 153,492 | 132,516 | 49,298 | 778,495 |
| Development | 21,780 | 32,413 | 9,110 | 20,195 | 6,029 | 89,527 |
| Total | 125,567 | 371,815 | 162,602 | 152,711 | 55,327 | 868,022 |
| Year 2019-20 (P) (in Millions) | ||||||
| Current | 83,266 | 182,616 | 165,028 | 28,161 | 53,640 | 512,711 |
| Development | 31,300 | 35,378 | 5,427 | 18,088 | 8,111 | 98,304 |
| Total | 114,566 | 217,994 | 170,455 | 46,249 | 61,751 | 611,015 |
P: Provisional
Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan 2020-21
Out-of-School-Children
Out-of-school children are children aged 5 to 16 who have never attended school and children who attended school and then dropped out.
Total Out of School Children in Pakistan
| Total Out of School Children in Pakistan | 32% |
| Rural | 37% |
| Urban | 22% |
| Drop-out | 5.7% |
| Never been to School | 25.8% |
| PSLM 2019-20- Govt. of Pakistan | |
Analysis
According to PSLM 2019-20, the proportion of children not attending school is 32 percent nationally in 2019-20. A regional comparison shows that the proportion of children out of school is higher in rural areas, at 37 percent, than in urban areas, at 22 percent. Punjab has the lowest number of children out of school at 24 percent, while Balochistan has the highest at 47 percent.
Health
Health Indicators
| Health Indicators of Pakistan | Year 2019 |
| Maternal mortality Ratio (per 100,000 births)* | 189 |
| Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) | 41.2 |
| Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) | 55.7 |
| Under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000) | 67.2 |
| Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) | 263 |
| Incidence of HIV (per 1,000 uninfected population) | 0.12 |
| Life expectancy at birth, (years) | 67.3 |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) (Year 2020) | 58 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) | 34 |
Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan 2020-21
Federal and Provincial Governments Health Expenditure
| Fiscal Years | Public Sector Expenditure (Federal and Provincial) Rs million | Health Expenditure as % of GDP | ||
| Current Expenditure | Development Expenditure | Total Health Expenditures | ||
| 2011-12 | 104,284 | 29,898 | 134,182 | 0.7 |
| 2012-13 | 129,421 | 31,781 | 161,202 | 0.6 |
| 2013-14 | 146,082 | 55,904 | 201,986 | 0.7 |
| 2014-15 | 165,959 | 65,213 | 231,172 | 0.7 |
| 2015-16 | 192,704 | 75,249 | 267,953 | 0.9 |
| 2016-17 | 229,957 | 99,005 | 328,962 | 1 |
| 2017-18 | 329,033 | 87,434 | 416,467 | 1.2 |
| 2018-19 | 363,154 | 58,624 | 421,778 | 1.1 |
| 2019-20 (P) | 406,011 | 76,254 | 482,265 | 1.2 |
Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan 2020-21
Child Protection
Child Sexual Abuse
Cruel Numbers- Sahil
| Child Sexual Abuse Cases in Pakistan | Percentage | ||
| Year | Number of Reported Cases | Female | Male |
| 2022 | 4253 | 55 | 45 |
| 2021 | 3852 | 54 | 46 |
| 2020 | 2960 | 51 | 49 |
| 2019 | 2846 | 54 | 46 |
| 2018 | 3832 | 55 | 45 |
| 2017 | 3445 | 60 | 40 |
| Source: Cruel Numbers- Sahil | |||
Child Marriage/Early Marriage
Analysis
According to the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-18, 3.6 percent of girls under 15 are married and 18.3 percent of girls under 18 are married in Pakistan. The PDHS 2017-18 survey also shows that 8 percent of adolescent women aged 15-19 in Pakistan are already mothers or pregnant with their first child. Three out of ten Pakistani women are married by the age of 18.
Missing and Abducted Children
Missing and Abducted Children Released by ZARRA (October 2021 to June 2022)
| PROVINCE WISE CASES OF MISSING AND ABDUCTED CHILDREN | % | |
| Punjab | 783 | 63.04 |
| Sindh | 205 | 16.51 |
| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 176 | 14.17 |
| Islamabad | 43 | 3.46 |
| Balochistan | 35 | 2.82 |
| Total | 1242 | |
| ZARRA 2022 | ||
Analysis
According to the information, a total of 1242 cases of missing and abducted persons were reported across Pakistan. Most cases were reported in Punjab (63%), followed by Sindh (16.5%). A total of 783 cases of missing and abducted children were reported in Punjab alone. In Punjab, the number of cases is higher in Lahore city (124), which has comparatively high mobility and educational resources, meaning citizens are better informed about reporting a missing child through the Zainab Alert App and Helpline 1099. Broken down by age, the number of missing children aged 11-18 is higher in Sindh. KP province ranks third after Punjab and Sindh with 176 cases.
Read the Full report.
Juvenile Justice
Punjab
Number of Juveniles Convicted/Undertrial and Condemned Confined in Punjab Jails(as on 15.03.2022) |
||||||||
| Undertrials | Convicts | Condemned | Total Male | Total Female | Grand Total | |||
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |||
| 523 | 0 | 122 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 645 | 0 | 645 |
| Source: Prison Department, Govt. of Punjab (2022) | ||||||||
Analysis
The total number of convicted and undertrial juveniles imprisoned in various borstal institutes and jails of Punjab province was 645 as on 15 March 2022 (Prisons Department, Govt. of Punjab). Out of the total number of juvenile offenders, 81% (523) juveniles were on trial (under trial) and 19% were convicted juvenile offenders. All juvenile offenders were male and no female was confined in any jail of Punjab. There were also no condemned juvenile offenders, male and female, in any jail of Punjab.
Name of Jails for Convicted Juveniles(as on 15.03.2022) |
|
| B.I.& Jail Bahawalpur | 74 |
| Central Jail Faisalabad | 30 |
| Others | 18 |
| Total | 122 |
| Source: Prison Department, Govt. of Punjab (2022) | |
Analysis
The majority of convicted juvenile offenders were imprisoned in B.I. & Jail Bahawalpur (61%) and Central Jail Faisalabad (25%).
Name of Jails for Undertrial Juveniles(as on 15.03.2022) |
|
| Central Jail Rawalpindi | 64 |
| Central Jail Sheikhhupura | 47 |
| Central Jail Gujranwala | 46 |
| Central Jail Faisalabad | 34 |
| District Jail Lahore | 34 |
| B.I.& Jail Bahawalpur | 29 |
| District Jail Toba Tek Singh | 21 |
| Other 35 Jails | 248 |
| Total | 523 |
| Source: Prison Department, Govt. of Punjab (2022) | |
Analysis
In comparison, undertrail juveniles were kept in 42 jails of Punjab. The highest number of undertrails were reported in Central Jail Rawalpindi (12%), followed by Central Jail Sheikhpura (9%), Central Jail Gujranwala (9%), Central Jail Faisalabad (7%), District Jail Lahore (7%),B.I.& Jail Bahawalpur (6%), District Jail Toba Tek Singh (4%) and the remaining 47% were spread over 35 different jails of Punjab province.
Nature of Crimes of Convicted Juveniles(as on 15.03.2022) |
|||
| Name of Crime | Section | Male | Female |
| Murder | 302 PPC | 32 | 0 |
| Unnatural Offence | 377 PPC | 32 | 0 |
| Rape | 375/376 PPC | 30 | 0 |
| Control of Narcotics Substance Act, 1997 | CNSA, 1997 9(c) | 2 | 0 |
| Kidnapping and Abduction | 363/364/365/356-A/366/367/369 PPC | 2 | 0 |
| Theft | 380/381/381-A/382/411/457/454/367-A | 2 | 0 |
| Anti Terrorism Act 1997 | 7 ATA | 1 | 0 |
| Civil Prisoner | Family Degree Ijra | 1 | 0 |
| Death By Negligence | 303/304/308/312/319/321/322 PPC | 1 | 0 |
| Miscellaneous | 19 | 0 | |
| Total | 122 | 0 | |
| Source: Prison Department, Govt. of Punjab (2022) | |||
Analysis
The majority of convicted juvenile offenders are sentenced under three crimes: Murder (26%), unnatural offence (26%) and rape (25%).
Nature of Crimes of Undertrials Juveniles(as on 15.03.2022) |
|||
| Name of Crime | Section | Male | Female |
| Murder | 302 PPC | 106 | 0 |
| Attempt to Murder | 324 PPC | 19 | 0 |
| Unnatural Offence | 377 PPC | 87 | 0 |
| Robbery/Dacoity | 392/394/395/396 PPC | 56 | 0 |
| Rape | 375/376 PPC | 69 | 0 |
| Control of Narcotics Substance Act, 1997 | CNSA, 1997 9(b) (c) | 25 | 0 |
| Kidnapping and Abduction | 363/364/365/356-A/366/367/369 PPC | 8 | 0 |
| Theft | 379/380/381/381-A/382/411/457/454/367-A | 82 | 0 |
| Causing Hurt with blunt/sharp weapon | 337(A-N)PPC | 8 | 0 |
| Anti Terrorism Act 1997 | 7 ATA | 4 | 0 |
| Zina | Sec 10(i)(ii)(iii) Zina Ord, 79 | 4 | 0 |
| Breach of Peace | 107/151 Cr.Pc | 6 | 0 |
| Army Act | 38(1) | 3 | 0 |
| Miscellaneous/Others | 46 | 0 | |
| TOTAL POPULATION | 523 | 0 | |
| Source: Prison Department, Govt. of Punjab (2022) | |||
Analysis
The majority of undertrials were booked under the offence of murder (20%), attempt to murder (4%), un-natural offence (17%), robbery/dacoirty (11%), rape (13%), Control of Narcotics Substance Act 1997 (5%), theft (16%) and other crimes(9%).
Oversight and Monitoring
Complaints Handling
NCRC Complaint Handling (March 2020- Feb 2023)